CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GLOBAL PROBLEMS AND SECURITY

Сажетак

The fact that there are regions of prolonged conflicts, that is, states engaged in continuous armed conflicts, served as the basis for defining the problem addressed in this paper. The question arises as to what causes these conflicts, namely, whether there are common characteristics among states that are not resilient to contemporary security threats? Which global changes have contributed to the development of conflicts, and which states are prone to conflict? The aim of the research is to identify, through an analysis of the major global problems faced by states at war, the common characteristics (common denominators) that place these states in conditions of prolonged conflict. The research is based on the sectoral approach of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies, which examines threats to security through different sectors (military, political, economic, environmental, and societal).

Референце

• Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. 2004. “The Globalization of Insecurity: How the International Economic Order Undermines Human and National Security on a World Scale.” Historia Actual Online 5: 113–126.
• Bogićević, Aleksandar. 2026. “Israel-Iran Cyber Warfare: The Digital Dimension of Middle Eastern Conflicts In A Post-Unipolar World.” Politika nacionalne bezbednosti 31 (1): 171–194. DOI: 10.5937/pnb31-64247
• Chernyak, Oleksandr, Ganna Kharlamova, and Andriy Stavytskyy. 2018. “Trends of International Energy Security Risk Index in European Countries.” Baltic Journal of European Studies 8 (1): 5–32. DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2018-0002.
• Collins, Alan. 2010. Suvremene sigurnosne studije. Zagreb: Politička kultura.
• Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division [DESAPD]. 2017. “World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100.” United Nations. Last accessed 1 January 2025.
  https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-populationprojected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100
• Economist Intelligence Unit [EIU]. 2025. “Democracy Index 2024.” Economist Intelligence Unit. February 2025. Last accessed 15 October 2025.
  https://www.eiu.com/n/global-themes/democracyindex/
• Fortune. 2026. “Fortune Global 500.” Fortune. Last accessed 6 January 2026.
  https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/
• Global Marketcap Ranking [GMR]. 2026. “Top 20 Companies by Market Cap in the World.” Last accessed 6 January 2026.
  https://marketcap.company/
• Grossman, Lydia. 2017. “Climate Change and Conflict: The Relationship Between Government Response to Climate Change and Civil Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa.” Honors Project. University of Mary Washington: Department of Political Science and International Affairs,
  https://scholar.umw.edu/student_research/154
• Homer-Dixon, Thomas. 1994. “Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases.” International Security 19 (1): 5‒40. DOI: 10.2307/2539147
• IMD World Competitiveness Center [IMD WCC]. 2025. “World Digital Competitiveness Ranking.” IMD. Last accessed 2 October 2025.
  https://www.imd.org/centers/wcc/world-competitiveness-center/rankings/world-digital-competitiveness-ranking/
• Institute for Economics & Peace [IEP]. 2024. Global Peace Index 2024: Measuring Peace in a Complex World. Sydney: Institute for Economics & Peace. Last accessed 12 June 2025.
  https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf
• International Monetary Fund [IMF]. 2025. “GDP, Current Prices.” World Economic Outlook Database. Last accessed 6 November 2025.
  https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD
• International Organization for Migration [IOM]. n.d. “East Africa and the Horn of Africa.” International Organization for Migration. Last accessed 6 November 2025.
  https://www.iom.int/east-africa-and-horn-africa
• Jeftić, Zoran, Gordana Mišev, Petar Stanojević, i Žarko Obradović [Jeftić i dr.]. 2018. „Savremeni konflikti i njihove tendencije.” Vojno delo 70 (7): 23‒40. DOI: 10.5937/vojdelo1807023J
• Jovanović Popović, Dejana, i Miroljub Milinčić. 2016. „Konceptualizacija ekoloških izbeglica.” Demografija (13): 69‒82.
• Keković, Zoran, i Ivan Dimitrijević. 2017. Sistemi bezbednosti sa sistemom bezbednosti R. Srbije. Beograd: Fakultet bezbednosti.
• Kovačević, Braco i Irina Kovačević. 2016. Globalne nejednakosti i bezbjednosne prijetnje. Banja Luka: Evropski defendologija centar za naučna, politička, ekonomska, socijalna, bezbjednosna, sociološka i kriminološka istraživanja.
• Marshall, Monty, and Gabrielle Elzinga-Marshall. 2017. Global Report 2017: Conflict, Governance, and State Fragility. Vienna: Center for Systemic Peace.
• Mišev, Gordana. 2019. „Uticaj klimatskih promena na političke nemire i sukobe u Africi: studija slučaja Etiopije.” Godišnjak Fakulteta bezbednosti (1): 301‒317. DOI: 10.18485/fb_godisnjak.2019.15
• Mišev, Gordana. 2020. „Teorijski dometi izučavanјa energetske bezbednosti kao globalnog izazova u međunarodnim odnosima.” Sociološki pregled 54 (1): 149‒173. DOI: 10.5937/socpreg54-23847
• Mišev, Gordana. 2022. „Faktori uspešnog razvoja država i njihove implikacije na bezbednost.” Doktorska disertacija. Fakultet bezbednosti, Univerzitet u Beogradu.
• Mišev, Gordana. 2025. Politika bezbednosti u savremenim geopolitičkim odnosima. Beograd: Fakultet za diplomatiju i bezbednost.
• Murshed, Syed Mansoob, and Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin. 2009. “Revisiting the Greed and Grievance Explanations for Violent Internal Conflict.” Journal of International Development 21 (1): 87–111. DOI: 10.1002/jid.1478
• Pajić, Nataša. 2025. „Saudijska Arabija i bomba: da li je nuklearno oružje opcija?” Međunarodna politika 76 (1194): 349–376. DOI: 10.18485/iipe_mp.2025.76.1194.8
• Planete Energies [Energies]. 2025. “Gas Pipelines between Europe, Russia and Caucasia.” Planete Energies. February 26, 2025. Last accessed 26 February 2025.
  https://www.planete-energies.com/en/media/infographic/gas-pipelines-between-europe-russiaand-caucasia
• Smalley, Richard. 2005. “Future Global Energy Prosperity: The Terawatt Challenge.” MRS Bulletin 30 (6): 412-417. DOI: 10.1557/mrs2005.124
• Stevanović, Miroslav D., i Dragan Đurđević. 2016. „Internet stvari, lična i materijalna bezbednost.” Bezbednost 3 (16): 113‒128.
• Stiglitz, Joseph E., Amartya Sen, and Jean-Paul Fitoussi. 2008. Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Paris: Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress.
• United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. 2025. “New Global Multidimensional Poverty Index Report Reveals Nearly 80% of the World’s Poor Live in Regions Exposed to Climate Hazards.” United Nations Development Programme. October 17, 2025. Last accessed 6 September 2025.
  https://www.undp.org/press-releases/new-globalmultidimensional-poverty-index-report-reveals-nearly-80-worldspoor-live-regions-exposed-climate-hazards
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]. 2014. UNESCO Education Strategy 2014–2021. Paris: UNESCO. Last accessed 6 October 2025.
  https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231288
• World Bank [WB]. 2025. “Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (BoP, Current US$).” World Bank. Last accessed 1 September 2025.
  https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD
• World Bank Group [WBG]. 2024. “Global Reports.” World Bank Data360. Last accessed on November 22, 2025.
  https://data360.worldbank.org/en/analytics/global-reports
• World Bank Group [WBG]. 2025. “GDP per Capita (Current US$).” World Bank Data. Last accessed 11 June 2025.
  https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
• World Food Programme [WFP]. n.d. “Help Build a World With Zero Hunger.” World Food Programme. Last accessed 2 October 2025.
  https://www.wfp.org/support-us/stories/donate?utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=367850675&utm_content=1286428974910616&&msclkid=907c46e6e8ca13820c462fc90307e71b&gclid=907c46e6e8ca13820c462fc90307e71b&gclsrc=3p.ds&gad_source=7&gad_campaignid=1259
• World Health Organization [WHO]. 2021. “World Health Statistics 2021: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals.” Geneva: World Health Organization. Last accessed 22 November 2025.
  https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/342703
• Worldometer. 2025. “Rezerve nafte po zemljama (2025).” Worldometer. Last accessed 2 November 2025.
  https://www.worldometers.info/hr/nafta/rezerve-nafte-po-drzavama/
• World Population Review [WPR]. 2025. “Countries Currently at War.” Last accessed 22 November 2025.
  https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-currently-at-war
• Zahra, Ahmed. 2025. “10 Major Maritime Trade Routes in the World.” Marine Insight. March 2, 2025. Last accessed 2 June 2025.
  https://www.marineinsight.com/know-more/major-maritimetrade-routes-in-the-world/