Институт За Политичке Студије

Добрињска 11
11000 Београд

Контакт подаци

BEST INTERESTS OF THE MIGRANT CHILDREN IN THE SYSTEM OF ASYLUM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Сажетак

In all the proceedings where the child appears as a party, the principle of the best interests of the child appears as the most general principle through which the child is protected. The following laws regulate the best interests of migrant children in the Republic of Serbia: Family Law, Law on Foreigners, Law on Asylum and Temporary Protection, and Law on Social Protection. One of the problems in practice is that an unaccompanied child, from entering the territory of Serbia until the submission of the asylum application, is assigned different persons as temporary guardians on several occasions. The major problem in the administrative procedure and the realization of the best interests of the child is reflected in the fact that police officers register unaccompanied and separated children and conduct official actions in the asylum procedure without the presence of a temporary guardian. Processing of asylum applications is not a priority, and the speed of decision-making depends on many factors, including the expediency of the acting official of the first instance body. The Asylum Office must take into account the best interests of the child at every stage of the asylum procedure, particularly when deciding on the child's asylum application, and must take into account the opinion of the guardianship authority and the opinion of the child, which is one of the basic elements of the principle of the best interests of the child.

Референце

  • Batrićević, Ana, and Andrej Kubiček. 2019. “The Integration of Migrant Children in Serbia: Legal and Social Aspects.” In: Yearbook: Human Rights protection, protection of the right’s of the child “30 years after the adoption of The Convention on the Rights of the Child,” ed. Zoran Pavlović, 349–377. Novi Sad: Provincial Protector of Citizens – Ombudsman and Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research.
  • Belgrade Centre for Human Rights [BCHR]. 2020a. Right to Asylum in the Republic of Serbia 2019. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    http://www.bgcentar.org.rs/bgcentar/eng-lat/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Right-to-Asylum-in-Serbia-2019.pdf
  • BCHR. 2020b. Right to Asylum in the Republic of Serbia 2020. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    https://www.bgcentar.org.rs/bgcentar/eng-lat/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Right-to-Asylum-in-Serbia-2020.pdf
  • Bogetić, Dragica, i Aleksandar Jugović. 2019. ,,ʻDeca u pokretuʻ kao ranjiva populacija.” Sociološki pregled 53 (3): 1293–1318.
  • Budimir, Miroslav. 2020. ,,Zaštita maloletnih migranata bez pratnje u Republici Srbiji – predlozi za njeno unapređenje zasnovani na uvidima iz prakse.” Godišnjak Fakulteta političkih nauka 14 (24): 203–222.
  • Centar za prava deteta. 2017. Opšti komentar Komiteta za prava deteta br. 6 - Postupanje sa decom bez pratnje i razdvojenom decom van zemlje porekla. Poslednji pristup 5. februara 2025.
    https://cpd.org.rs/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/288_Opsti-komentar-6-Postupanje-sa-decom-bez-pratnje-i-razdvojenom-decom-van-zemlje-porekla.doc
  • Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment [CATOCIDTP], 10 December 1984, UNTS 1465, I-24841.,Convention on the Rights of the Child [CRC], 20 November 1989, UNTS 1577, I-27531.:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness [CRS], 30 August 1961, UNTS 989, I-14458.
  • Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees [CRSR], 28 July 1951, UNTS 189, I-2545.
  • Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons [CSSP], 28 September 1954, UNTS 360, I-5158.
  • Ćopić, Sanja, i Slobodan Ćopić. 2019. ,,Deca migranti i izbeglice bez pratnje u Srbiji: standardi postupanja i nivo poštovanja njihovih prava.” Zbornik Instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja 38 (2): 49–72.
  • Đurić, Vladimir. 2011. ,,Postupak azila u Republici Srbiji.” U Aktuelne promene u pravnom sistemu država u regionu, ur. Marijana Dukić Mijatović, 31–48. Novi Sad: Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuđe Univerzitet Privredna akademija.
  • Freeman, Michael. 1997. “The Best Interest of the Child? Is the Best Interests of the Child in the Best Interest of Children.” International Journal of Law Policy and the Family 11 (3): 360–388. DOI: 10.1093/lawfam/11.3.360
  • Kostić, Nataša. 2016. ,,Deca – migranti bez pratnje.” Leskovački zbornik 56: 391–412.
  • Krasić, Bogdan, Nikolina Milić, i Vlada Šahović. 2017. Položaj nepraćene i razdvojene dece u Srbiji. Beograd: Beogradski centar za ljudska prava.
  • Marković, Violeta. 2019. ,,Alternativno staranje za decu migrante/tražioce azila bez pratnje roditelja ili staratelja u Srbiji.” Socijalna politika 54 (3): 47–64.
  • Novaković, Uroš. 2016. ,,Smernice Ujedinjenih nacija za alternativnu brigu o deci.” U Ljudska prava između ideala i izazova sadašnjosti, ur. Marija Krvavac, 93–107. Kosovska Mitrovica: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici.
  • Odluka Kancelarije za azil [KA], br. 26-652/16 od 17. juna 2016. godine.
  • Odluka Kancelarije za azil [KA], br. 26-2348/17 od 28. januara 2019. godine.
  • Odluka Kancelarije za azil [KA], br. 26-378/19 od 11. februara 2020. godine.
  • Odluka Upravnog suda Republike Srbije [USRS], 21 U. 15736/13 od 9. marta 2015. godine.
  • Odluka Upravnog suda Republike Srbije [USRS], U. 9284/20 od 17. decembra 2020. godine.
  • Pavlica, Branko. 2005. ,,Izbeglice i azilanti iz Jugoslavije u SR Nemačkoj.” Strani pravni život 3: 85–102.
  • Porodični zakon [PZ], „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 18/2005, 72/2011 - dr. zakon i 6/2015.
  • Pravilnik o izgledu obrasca o odbijanju ulaska u Republiku Srbiju, o izgledu obrasca o odobrenju ulaska u Republiku Srbiju i načinu unosa podataka o odbijanju ulaska u putnu ispravu stranca, „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 50 od 29.06.2018.
  • Pravilnik o organizaciji, normativima i standardima rada centra za socijalni rad, „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 59/2008, 37/2010, 39/2011 – dr. pravilnik, 1/2012 – dr. pravilnik, 51/2019, 12/2020, 83/2022 i 10/2025.
  • Rakić, Jelena, i Milena Bogdanić. 2017. ,,Maloletnici bez pratnje u azilnom sistemu Republike Srbije.” Pravne teme – časopis Departmana za pravne nauke Univerziteta u Novom Pazaru 5 (9): 137–148.
  • The United Nations Refugee Agency [UNHCR]. n.d. “Refugee Protection and Mixed-Migration: The 10-Point Plan in Action: Chapter 4 Reception arrangements. Reference 2 - UNHCR, Reception Standards for Asylum-seekers in the European Union, 1 July 2000.” Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    https://bit.ly/2Qbewq9
  • Udruženje Atina. 2015. Vodič za procenu najboljeg interesa deteta. Beograd: Udruženje građana za borbu protiv trgovine ljudima i svih oblika nasilja nad ženama – Atina. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    http://socijalnoukljucivanje.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Vodic_za_procenu_najboljeg_interesa_deteta.pdf
  • UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families [CMW] and Committee on the Rights of the Child [CRC], CMW/C/GC/3-CRC/C/GC/22 (2017), Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general principles regarding the human rights of children in the context of international migration Adopted by the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and Committee on the Rights of the Child, on November 16, 2017. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a1293a24.html
  • United Nations General Assembly [UNGA], A/RES/217 (lll) A (1948), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Adopted by the General Assembly on 10 December 1948.
  • UNHCR. 2005. “General comment No. 6 (2005): Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside their Country of Origin.” 01.09.2005. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    https://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html
  • UNHCR. 2013. “General comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para. 1).” 29.05.2013. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    https://www.refworld.org/docid/51a84b5e4.html
  • UNHCR. 2018. “General Comment No. 4 (2017) on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention in the context of article 22.” 09.02.2018. Last Accessed on April 12, 2024.
    https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cat/2018/en/120416
  • UNHCR. 2019. “Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status and Guidelines on International Protection Under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees.” Last Accessed on April 12, 2024.
    https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2019/en/123881
  • UNICEF Beograd. 2018. Jačanje porodica iz osetljivih grupa: Pogled na mogućnosti. Beograd: UNICEF Beograd. Last Accessed on October 7, 2023.
    https://www.unicef.org/serbia/media/8221/file/Ja%C4%8Danje%20porodica%20iz%20osetljivih%20grupa.pdf
  • Ustav Republike Srbije, „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 98/06 i 115/2021.
  • Zakon o azilu, „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 109/2007.
  • Zakon o azilu i privremenoj zaštiti [ZAPZ], „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 24/2018.
  • Zakon o državljanstvu Republike Srbije, „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 135/2004, 90/2007, i 24/2018.
  • Zakon o izmenama i dopunama Zakona o strancima, „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 31/2019.
  • Zakon o strancima [ZS], „Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije”, br. 24/2018, 31/2019.