Институт За Политичке Студије

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Контакт подаци

ZNAČAJ FEMICIDA U ZAKONODAVSTVU CRNE GORE

Сажетак

Femicid predstavlja grubo kršenje osnovnog ljudskog prava na život. Njegove posljedice ne pogađaju samo žrtvu i njenu porodicu, već narušavaju osjećaj bezbjednosti cijele društvene zajednice, budući da se ovakva krivična djela često izvršavaju pred članovima porodice i djecom. Naime, u najvećem broju slučajeva takva ubistva nijesu izolovani događaji, već predstavljaju krajnju posljedicu prethodno prisutnih oblika rodno zasnovanog nasilja koje pogađa sve regione i države svijeta. Posljednjih nekoliko godina ovo pitanje zauzima sve značajnije mjesto u međunarodnim i evropskim pravnim okvirima i na posredan način međunarodni ugovori sve češće naglašavaju i upozoravaju obaveze država da usvajaju i dosljedno primjenuju zakonske i druge mjere za eliminisanje i sprječavanje nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici. Iako femicid još uvijek nije posebno inkriminisan u krivičnom zakonodavstvu Crne Gore, slučajevi ubistava žena u kontekstu porodičnog i partnerskog nasilja ukazuju na potrebu preispitivanja postojećeg normativnog i institucionalnog okvira. Istovremeno, oni potvrđuju izraženu rodnu dimenziju ovog problema, s obzirom na to da su žene u najvećem broju slučajeva žrtve, a muškarci izvršioci ovih krivičnih djela. Uprkos značajnim izmjenama zakonodavnog okvira i unaprjeđenju institucionalnog odgovora, na rodno zasnovana ubistva žena – femicid se javlja kao najteža posljedica nasilja u porodici i nasilja od strane intimnog partnera i stoga neophodno je da se podigne svijest u javnosti da se femicid razlikuje od drugih ubistava i zločina. Ipak, u Crnoj Gori predstavlja ozbiljan društveni problem, jer važeće krivično zakonodavstvo ne prepoznaje femicid kao posebno krivično djelo, iako se posljednjih nekoliko godina vode intenzivne zakonodavne aktivnosti usmjerene na razmatranje mogućnosti njegovog uvođenja, imajući u vidu potrebu za snažnijom krivičnopravnom zaštitom žena od rodno zasnovanog nasilja i uklađivanjem sa savremenim međunarodnim standardima.

Референце

  • LITERATURA

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  • Krstić, Ivana. 2024. Pravni okvir za marginalizovane grupe žena u Republici Srbiji. Beograd: Poverenik za zaštitu ravnopravnosti.
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    IZVORI PRAVA

    Izvori prava međunarodnog porijekla

    Consolidated versions Treaty on European Union (TEU) 2016/C 202/01.
  • Consolidated versions Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 2016/C 202/01.
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  • United Nations. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York, 18 December 1979.

    Izvori prava domaćeg porijekla

    Krivični zakonik Crne Gore, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 70/2003, 13/2004, 47/2006 i „Službeni list CG”, br. 40/2008, 25/2010, 32/2011, 64/2011 - drugi zakon, 40/2013, 56/2013, 14/2015, 42/2015, 58/2015 - drugi zakon, 44/2017, 49/2018, 3/2020, 26/2021 - ispravka, 144/2021 i 145/2021 i 110/2023, 123/24 i 121/25.
  • Zakon o krivičnom postupku, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 57/2009, 49/2010, 47/2014 - Odluka US CG, 2/2015 - Odluka US CG, 35/2015 (čl. 88- 91. nisu u prečišćenom tekstu), 58/2015 - drugi zakon, 28/2018 - Odluka US CG, 116/2020 - Odluka US CG, 145/202 1, 54/2024 i 58/2024 – ispravka, v. Rješenje US CG - 87/2023.
  • Zakon o prekršajima, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 001/11, 006/11, 039/11, 032/14, 043/17 i 051/17.
  • Zakon o rodnoj ravnopravnosti, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 046/07 od 31.07.2007, 073/10 od 10.12.2010, 040/11 od 08.08.2011 i 035/15 od 07.07.2015.
  • Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 046/10, 040/11, 018/14 i 042/17.
  • Zakon o zaštiti nasilja u porodici, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 046/10 od 06.08.2010, 040/11 od 08.08.2011.
  • Zakon o Zaštitiniku ljudskih prava i sloboda, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 42/2011 i 32/2014.
  • Ustav Crne Gore, „Službeni list Crne Gore”, br. 1/2007 i 38/2013.
  • Vlada Crne Gore, Protokol o postupanju, prevenciji i zaštiti od nasilja u porodici-Procedure i institucionalna saradnja u vezi s porodičnim nasiljem i nasiljem nad ženama, 2011

    INTERNET I DRUGI IZVORI

    Beker, Kosana. 2023. „Sudski odgovor na femicid na Zapadnom Balkanu“, London: AIRE Centre, Advice on Individual Rights in Europe.
    https://gcjnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/PUBLIKACIJE/regional-femicide-report-2023-bcms.pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • Gonzalez, Diana & Deus, Alicia. 2019. „Análisis de legislación sobre femicidio/feminicidio en américa latina y el caribe e insumos para una ley modelo“. UN Women (ONU Mujeres) and MESECVI.
    https://lac.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Field%20Office%20Americas/Documentos/Publicaciones/2019/05/Final%20ESP%20Analysis%20de%20leyes%20de%20femicidio%20en%20Amrica%20Latina%20y%20el%20Caribe-compressed.pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • European Commission. 2020. A Union of Equality: Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025. Brussels. file:///C:/Users/Korisnik/Downloads/gender_equality_strategy_2020_2025_en_77C86437-0983-F10D-E0FF41E71D577EE0_68222.pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • Evropska komisija 2025. Izvještaj Evropske komisije o napretku Crne Gore za 2025. godinu. file:///C:/Users/Korisnik/Downloads/Izvjestaj-Evropske-komisije-o-napretku-Crne-Gore-za-2025.-godinu-CG%20(2).pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • GREVIO. 2018. Izvještaj GREVIO Komiteta o procjeni zakonodavnih i drugih mjera kojima se primjenjuju odredbe Konvencije Savjeta Evrope o sprječavanju i suzbijanju nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici: Crna Gora. Strazbur: Savjet Evrope.
    https://wapi.gov.me/download-preview/39ba6f73-52cd-49ca-8331-b7d2685d5393?version=1.0 (15.08.2026.)
  • GREVIO. 2024. Izvještaj GREVIO Komiteta o procjeni zakonodavnih i drugih mjera kojima se primjenjuju odredbe Konvencije Savjeta Evrope o sprječavanju i suzbijanju nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici: Crna Gora. Strazbur: Savjet Evrope.
    https://wapi.gov.me/download-preview/39ba6f73-52cd-49ca-8331-b7d2685d5393?version=1.0 (15.08.2026.)
  • 133 АРХИВ, 2/2026 – Ana PAVIĆEVIĆ – Značaj femicida u zakonodavstvu Crne Gore ... (стр 85–138)
  • Istraživački centar Skupštine Crne Gore 2023. Femicid u krivičnom zakonodavstvu država EU i Latinske Amerike, komparativni pregled, Podgorica.
    https://api.skupstina.me/media/files/1774342094-zakonski-okvir-za-prevenciju-femicida-u-pojedinim-zemljama.pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • Manjoo, Rashida. 2012. „Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences: Gender-Related Killings of Women“. A/HRC/20/16. Geneva: United Nations.
    https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Women/A.HRC.20.16_En.pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2018. Global study on homicide: Gender-Related Killing of Women and Girls. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
    https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/GSH2018/GSH18_Gender-related_killing_of_women_and_girls.pdf (15.08.2026.)
  • Vlada Crne Gore, 2023. Nacionalni plan za implementaciju Konvencije Savjeta Evrope o suzbijanju i sprječavanju nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (Istanbulska konvencija) za period 2023–2027. godine.
    https://wapi.gov.me/download-preview/1f031d7b-7220-460a-a48b-bf093b37db6c?version=1.0 (15.08.2026.)
  • Vlada Crne Gore, 2021. Nacionalna strategija rodne ravnopravnosti 2021–2025. godine sa Akcionim planom 2021-2022. godine.
    https://wapi.gov.me/download-preview/41e3ee6a-757a-4684-9763-9fee5e933afd?version=1.0 (15.08.2026.)
  • Vlada Crne Gore, 2025. Nacionalna strategija rodne ravnopravnosti 2025–2029. godine sa Akcionim planom 2025-2026. godine.
    https://www.gov.me/dokumenta/4c0dc05e-1908-4536-a5e0-20f9e0463a01 (15.08.2026.)
  • 134 АРХИВ, 2/2026 – Ana PAVIĆEVIĆ – Značaj femicida u zakonodavstvu Crne Gore ... (стр 85–138)

    SUDSKA PRAKSA

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  • Presuda Apelacionog suda Crne Gore [ASCG], Kž 161/2024 od 28.03.2025. godine.
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  • Presuda Višeg suda u Podgorici [VSP], K.br. 113/24 od 7.10.2024. godine.