TERRITORIAL REPRESENTATIONAL ASYMMETRY IN A MULTI-DISTRICT PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION SYSTEM: MARGINAL SEAT THRESHOLDS IN MACEDONIA, 2002–2024

Macedonia elects 120 members of parliament from six domestic electoral districts of equal magnitude, each returning twenty seats through closed-list D’Hondt allocation. Equal district magnitude and a common allocation rule do not, however, imply an identical marginal threshold for the final seat. Using official district-level results for eight parliamentary elections from 2002 to 2024, this art...