Изабери језик:
Тема броја

МЕЂУНАРОДНЕ ТЕМЕ

GOING BLUE FROM RED – CHINESE ENGAGEMENT IN THE UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

Слободан С. Поповић
Љиљана Ж. Стевић

Сажетак

This paper shall explore the reasons that triggered China to boost its security and economic influence within the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO) as a tool for embracing international challenges. By doing so, China is not just sharing the burden of providing international stability and achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, but exerting its influence in the process. Analysing the proposed subject, it will be demonstrated that China faces numerous obstacles whilst trying to insert the “Chinese characteristics” within the geopolitical order, geo-economics distribution of wealth and international security architecture. Instead of being perceived as a responsible stakeholder, China`s ambitious initiatives can, additionally, stir the China Threat Theory in the international community. This paper shall be consisted of two parts. The first part will tackle China`s growing footprint within the UNPKO from the end of the Cold War onward. The second part will explore the reasons that triggered China to swift its role within the UNPKO. Both global and domestic reasons will be analysed too.

кључне речи:

Референце

    • Amadeo, Kimberly. 2018. “US Military Budget, Its Components, Challenges, and Growth.” The Balance. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://www.thebalance.com/u-s-military-budget-components-challenges-growth-3306320.
    • Bates, Gill and Chin-Hao Huang. 2009. “China`s Expanding Role in Peacekeeping – Prospects and Policy Implications.” Stockholm: SIPRI. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://www.sipri.org/publications/2009/sipri-policy-papers/chinas-expanding-role-peacekeeping-prospects-and-policy-implications.
    • Bates, Gill and James Reilly. 2000. “Sovereignty, Intervention and Peacekeeping: The View from Beijing.” Survival , 41-59. doi: 10.1093/survival/42.3.41
    • Bull, Hadley. 1995. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
    • Cao. 2019. “Annual trade between China, B&R countries reaches 1.3 trln USD.” Xinhua. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/24/c_137771602.htm.
    • China Power. 2018. “Is China contributing to the United Nation`s mission?” China Power. https://chinapower.csis.org/china-un-mission/.
    • Finamore, Salvatore. 2017. “Normative Differences in Chinese and European Discourses on Global Security: Obstacles and Opportunities for Cooperation.” Chinese Political Science Review , 2/2017: 159-178. doi: 10.1007/s41111-017-0049-z.
    • Fung, Courtney J. 2016. “What Explains China`s Deployment to UN Peacekeeping Operations.” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 16(3): 409-441. doi. 10.1093/irap/lcv020.
    • Global Times. 2018. “China’s defense budget in 2018 grows by 8.1%.”, Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1091769.shtml.
    • Ikenberry, John G. 2008. “The Rise of China and the future of the West: Can the Liberal System Survive.” Foreign Affairs. 87 (1):23-37.
    • Lanteigne, Marc. 2018. The Role of UN Peacekeeping in Expanding. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
    • Ling, Bonny. 2007. “China`s Peacekeeping Diplomacy.” China Rights Forum, 1/2007: 1-3. https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-2007-1_Peacekeeping.pdf.
    • Luke Patey, Adam Day, and Sebastian von Einsiedel. 2017. “China, Japan, and the Future of UN Peacekeeping.” The Diplomat. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://cpr.unu.edu/news/impact/china-japan-and-the-future-of-un-peacekeeping.html.
    • Ministry of Defense of Japan. 2014. “National Defense Program Guidelines”. https://www.mod.go.jp/e/d_act/d_policy/national.html, last accessed 18 January 2021.
    • Ministry of National Defense of the People`s Republic of China. 2011. “White Paper on the National Defense”. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/publications/2017-04/11/content_4778206.htm, last accessed 11 April 2017.
    • Ministry of National Defense of the People`s Republic of China. 2015. “China`s Military Strategy”. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Database/WhitePapers/, last accessed 18 January 2021.
    • Ministry of National Defense of the People`s Republic of China. 2010. “White Paper on National Defense 2010”. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Database/WhitePapers/2010.htm, last acessed, 18 January 2021.
    • Ministry of National Defense of the People`s Republic of China. 2012. “White Paper on National Defense 2012 – The Diversified Employment of China`s Armed Forces”. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Database/WhitePapers/2012.htm, last accessed 18 January 2021.
    • Mitrovic, Dragana. 1995. Kineska reforma i svet. Beograd: Institut za ekonomiku i finansije.
    • Mitrovic, Dragana. 2005. “Strategijsko-bezbednosna pozicija Kine posle 11. septembra 2001. godine.” Beogradski centar za bezbednosnu politiku. http://www.bezbednost.org/upload/document/mitrovi_2005_strategijsko-bezbednosna_pozicija_kin.pdf.
    • Mitrovic, Dragana. 2011. “Izvori i granice kineske moći.” Analiza politike, 1/2011: 58-64.
    • Mitrovic, Dragana. 2012. “China’s Response to the World Economic Crises and Her Rise.” In Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Asian Studies Association, eds. Selina Chin Chang, 59-78. Hong Kong: The Contemporary China Research Center.
    • Mitrovic, Dragana. 2014. “China in the Western East and Beyond: Politics and Economics of the China Plus Sixteen Cooperation Framework.” Serbian Political Thought. 2/2014: 19-51. doi: 10.22182/spt.1022014.2.
    • Mitrovic, Dragana. 2016. “The Belt and Road: China`s Ambitious Initiative”. China International Studies July 2016: 77-95.
    • NATO. 2020. “NATO 2030: United for New Era.” NATO. https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2020/12/pdf/201201-Reflection-Group-Final-Report-Uni.pdf.
    • Permanent Mission of the People`s Republic of China to the UN. 2004. “China`s View on the Development of the Multipolarization.” Permanent Mission of the People`s Republic of China to the UN. Last accessed 18 January 2021. http://www.china-un.ch/eng/ljzg/zgwjzc/t85892.htm.
    • Popovic, Slobodan. 2018. “The Influence of the Discourse of Peaceful Development on Chinese (Re)Positionig in the International Order.” Međunarodna politika, 1171/2018: 5-29.
    • Richardson, Courtney J. 2011. “A Responsible Power? China and the UN Peacekeeping Regime.” International Peacekeeping, 18 (3):286-297. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2011.563082
    • Shambaugh, David. 2005. “China Engages Asia – Reshaping Regional Order”. International Security. 29(3): 64-99. doi: 4137556?seq=1.
    • Shogo, Suzuki. 2008. “Seeking ‘Legitimate’ Great Power Status in Post-Cold War International Society: China’s and Japan’s Participation in UNPKO.” International Relations, 22(1): 45-63. doi: 10.1177/0047117807087242.
    • Sirohi, Seema. 2018. “India-US-EU Combine Halts China’s Belt and Road Initiative at the UN.” The Wire. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://thewire.in/diplomacy/india-china-belt-and-road-united-nations.
    • Stahle, Stefan. 2008. “China’s Shifting Attitute Towards United Nations Peacekeeping Operations.” China Quarterly 195/2008: 631-655. doi: 10.1017/S0305741008000805.
    • State Goverenment of USA Department of Defense. 2006. “Quadrennial Defense Review Report.” State Goverenment of USA Department of Defense. Last accessed 18 January 2021. http://archive.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/qdr20060203.pdf.
    • Stevic, Ljiljana. 2017. “Soft Power with Chinese Characteristics-Think Tanks and Confucius Institutes as Instruments of Soft Power.” Asian Issues 3 (1): 55-72. 10.1017/S0305741008000805
    • Swain, Michael D. 2005. “China`s Regional Military Posture.” In Power Shift in Asia – China and Asia`s New Dynamics eds. David Shambaugh, 266-285. London: University of California Press, Ltd.
    • Tiezzi, Shannon. 2015. “3 Goals of China’s Military Diplomacy.” The Diplomat. Last accessed 3 January 2015. https://thediplomat.com/2015/01/3-goals-of-chinas-military-diplomacy/.
    • United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. (n.d.). “Thank you China.” United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/china
    • Wang, Jianwei. 2005. “China`s Multilateral Diplomacy in the New Milennium.” In China Rising – Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy, eds. Deng Yong and Wang Fei-Ling, 159-201. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • Wang, Li, and Paul Dottin. 2017. “Behind China’s Peacekeeping Missions in Africa: Interpreting Beijing’s Strategic Considerations.” Securiy Strategies 7/2017 (14): 1-16.
    • Xi Jinping. 2014. “New Asian Security Concept For New Progress in Security Cooperation.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1159951.shtml.
    • Xi, Jinping. 2015. “Gadebate-UN.” United Nations. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/70/70_ZH_en.pdf
    • Xia, Liping. 2001. “China: A Responsible Great Power.” The Journal of Contemporary China 10(21): 17-25. doi: 10.1080/10670560125308.
    • Xinhua. 2017. “Backgrounder: Keywords on Belt and Road Initiative.” Xinhuanet. Last accessed 18 January 2021. http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-05/06/c_136261504.htm.
    • Xiong, Guangkuai. 2009. International Situation and Security Strategy. Beijing: Foreign Language Press
    • Xue, Lei. 2011. “China`s Role in Sudan and South Sudan Peacekeeping Operations.” Shangahi Institute for International Studies. Last accessed 18 January 2021. http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1629
    • Young, Oran R. 1991. “Political leadership and regime formation: on the development of institutions in international society.” International Organization 45(3): 281-308. doi: 10.1017/S002081300033117.
    • Zhang, T. 2014. “Defense Ministry’s regular press conference.” China Military Online. Last accessed 18 January 2021. http://english.chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/china-military-news/2014-12/25/content_6284813.htm
    • Zheng, Sarah. 2017. “China completes registration of 8,000-strong UN peacekeeping force, defence ministry says.” South China Moring Post – Diplomacy. Last accessed 18 January 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2113436/china-completes-registration-8000-strong-un.
    • Zhimin, Chen, Zhou Guorong, and Wang Shichen. 2018. “Facilitative Leadership and China’s New Role in the World.” Chinese Political Science Review 3/2018: 10-27. doi: 10.1007/s41111-017-0077-8.
    • Zhoulin, Meng. 2019. “Chinese peacekeepers win top three places in UNIFIL military competition.” China Military Online. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2019-04/17/content_9480982.htm.
    • 发展和平. 2017. “联合国维和建和中的中国方案”. 国际政治研究 38(4): 10-33. He Yin. 2017. “Deveopmental Peace: Chinese Approach to U.N. Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding”. The Journal of International Studies 38(4): 10-33.
периодика Политичка ревија 3/2021 3/2021 УДК 355.357(510) 17-195
https://doi.org/10.22182/pr.6932021.8
Линк ка издању часописа Политичка ревија - 3/2021
ç