VELIKA STRATEGIJA EVROPSKE UNIJE – NEMOGUĆA MISIJA?

Mladen Lišanin

Sažetak

Cilj autora je da u ovom članku, analizirajući evoluciju najvažnijih strateških dokumenata Evropske unije, kao i aktuelno stanje debate o njenom strateškom držanju, doprinese potrazi za odgovorom na pitanje da li Evropska unija ima veliku strategiju i da li je uopšte moguće da je ima. Autor polazi od konceptualizacije velike strategije koju nudi Nina Sajlov, shvatajući veliku strategiju trojako: kao plan, kao princip i kao obrazac ponašanja. U svrhu pružanja odgovora na glavno istraživačko pitanje, potrebno je istražiti da li se koncept velike strategije, originalno osmišljen za državu kao jedinicu analize, može ekvivalentno primeniti na supranacionalnu strukturu kakva je Evropska unija. Ovo je najuže povezano sa problemom strateške autonomije, koja podrazumeva unutrašnju koherentnost među državama članicama, ali i spoljašnju autonomnost u odnosu na druge strateške aktere, pre svih NATO, što je pitanje koje opterećuje evoluciju evropske bezbednosne politike decenijama unazad. Ključni nalaz je da su ovi problemi teško premostivi i da Evropska unija u bliskoj budućnosti potencijalno može razviti veliku strategiju u formi plana, kodifikovanog kroz strateška dokumenta (što je tendencija koju je već moguće uočiti kroz usvajanje Evropske bezbednosne strategije iz 2003., Globalne strategije iz 2016. i budućeg Strateškog kompasa 2022. godine), dok će nastanak obrazaca efektivnog i koherentnog strateškog ponašanja predstavljati daleko veći izazov.

Reference

• Вукасовић, Дејана M. 2019. „Источно партнерство: домети и ограничења.“ Српска политичка мисао 64 (2): 13 – 47. doi: https://doi.org/10.22182/spm.6422019.1.
• Лишанин, Младен. 2017. „Реалистички приступи теоријском промишљању спољне и безбедносне политике Европске уније.“ Политичка ревија 51 (1): 157 – 174. doi: https://doi.org/10.22182/pr.5112017.8.
• Тодоровић, Лазић Јелена. 2018. „Евроскептицизам у Србији – стари концепт у новом руху.“ Српска политичка мисао 60 (2): 79 – 98. doi: https://doi.org/10.22182/spm.6022018.5.
• Biscop, Sven. 2019. The EU Global Strategy 2020. Brussels: Egmont Institute.
• Chappell, Laura et al. 2016. “Uncovering EU strategy in its security policy: An (in)coherent actor?” In The EU, Strategy and Security Policy: Regional and strategic challenges, eds. Laura Chappell, Jocelyn Mawdsley and Petar Petrov, 202 – 216. Abingdon: Routledge.
• Council of the European Union. 2009. European Security Strategy: A Secure Europe in a Better World. Brussels: Council of the European Union.
• Council of the European Union. 2016. “Council conclusions on implementing the EU Global Strategy in the area of security and defence”, 14149/16. Brussels: Council of the European Union.
• European Union [EU]. 2016. Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy. Brussels: European Union.
• Fiott, Daniel. 2020. An Uncharted Territory? Towards a Common Threat Analysis and a Strategic Compass for EU Security and Defence. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.
• Fiott, Daniel and Luis Simòn. 2019. “The European Union.” In Comparative Grand Strategy: A Framework and Cases, eds. Thierry Balzacq, Peter Dombrowski and Simon Reich, 262 – 283. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Gilbert, Mark. 2021. European Integration: A Political History. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Goldman, Kjell et al. 2013. European Global Strategy in Theory and Practice: Relevance for the EU. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute for International Affairs.
• Herszenhorn, David M. et al. 2021. “German-French overture to Putin splits EU.” Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-france-european-council-eu-russia-summit-sanctions/.
• Howorth, Jolyon. 2000. European Integration and Defence: The Ultimate Challenge? Paris: Western European Union Institute for Security Studies.
• Kavalski, Emilian and Nicholas Ross Smith. 2021. “Europe’s time to find its superpower.” The Interpreter. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/europe-s-time-find-its-superpower.
• Kornprobst, Markus. 2015. “Building agreements upon agreements: The European Union and grand strategy.” European Journal of International Relations 21 (2): 267 – 292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066114535273.
• Latici, Tania and Elena Lazarou. 2021. Where will the EU’s Strategic Compass point? Brussels: European Parliament Research Service
• Lišanin, Mladen. 2021. “Transcending the Rift? Realism, Transatlantic Relations, and American Grand Strategy.” In World Order Transition and the Atlantic Area, ed. Fulvio Attinà, 143 – 155. Cham: Springer.
• Major, Claudia and Christian Mölling. 2020. “EU’s Military Legacy: Over-institutionalised, under-equipped and strategically divided.” In The CSDP in 2020: The EU’s Legacy and Ambition in Security and Defence, ed. Daniel Fiott, 38 – 49. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.
• Meijer, Hugo and Stephen G. Brooks. 2021. “Illusions of Autonomy: Why Europe Cannot Provide for Its Security If the United States Pulls Back.” International Security 45 (4): 7 – 43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00405.
• Menotti, Roberto. 2003. “European Security Strategy – Is It For Real?” In European Security Strategy: Is It For Real? ESF Working Paper No. 14, ed. François Heisbourg, 12 – 19. Belgium – London: Center for European Policy Studies – International Institute for Strategic Studies.
• Milevski, Lukas. 2016. The Evolution of Modern Grand Strategic Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Posen, Barry R. 2020. “Europe Can Defend Itself.” Survival, 62 (6): 7 – 34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2020.1851080.
• Schmitt, Olivier. 2016. “Of politics and policies: Thinking strategically about the EU.” In International Relations Theory and European Security: We thought we knew, eds. Lorenzo Cladi and Andrea Locatelli, 121 – 137. Abingdon: Routledge.
• Simón, Luis. 2013. Geopolitical Change, Grand Strategy and European Security: The EU–NATO Conundrum in Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Smith, Karen E. 2017. “A European Union global strategy for a changing world?” International Politics 54: 503 – 518. doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0041-0.
• Silove, Nina. 2018. “Beyond the Buzzword: The Three Meanings of ‘Grand Strategy’.” Security Studies 27 (1): 27 – 57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2017.1360073.
• Szewczyk, Bart M. J. 2021. Europe’s Grand Strategy: Navigating a New World Order. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Tallis, Benjamin. 2021. “‘Strategic autonomy’ is more dangerous for Europe than AUKUS.” The Interpreter. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/strategic-autonomy-more-dangerous-europe-aukus.
• Tocci, Natalie. 2021. European Strategic Autonomy: What It Is, Why We Need It, How to Achieve It. Rome: Istituto Affari Internazionali.
• Trailović, Dragan. 2021. „Politika ljudskih prava Evropske unije i kineski suverenizam: slučaj Sinđanga“. Međunarodni problemi LXXIII (1): 58 – 86. doi: https://doi.org/10.2298/MEDJP2101058T.
• Winn, Neil. 2013. “European Union grand strategy and defense: strategy, sovereignty, and political union.” International Affairs Forum, 4 (2): 174 – 179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23258020.2013.864887.
• Youngs, Richard. 2021. “The EU’s Strategic Autonomy Trap.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieeurope.eu/2021/03/08/eu-s-strategic-autonomy-trap-pub-83955.
• Zandee, Dick, Adája Stoetman and Bob Deen. 2021. The EU’s Strategic Compass for security and defence: Squaring ambition with reality. The Hague: Clingendael Institute.