TRGOVINSKO-TEHNOLOŠKI RAT AMERIKE I KINE KAO POČETAK NOVOG HLADNOG RATA?

Goran V. Nikolić

Predrag Petrović

Sažetak

Beležeći konstantan snažan trgovinski deficit sa Kinom, SAD su se nadale da će povećanje tarifa i jačanje ekonomskih pretnji prisiliti Peking na sprovođenje reformi koje bi smanjile trgovinske neravnoteže i ojačale poziciju američkih kompanija u Kini (npr. kroz napuštanje subvencija i ukidanje obaveznog transfera tehnologije i ojačvanje prava intelektualne svojine). Ali, čini se da su to bila prilično nerealna očekivanja. Naime, bivajući u sve težoj poziciji, kineske firme su da bi minimizovale troškove, počele da povlače iz lanaca snabdevanja koje su podložne sankcijama SAD-a, nastojeći da umesto toga proizvedu input ili u zemlji ili u zemljama kineske sfere uticaja. Dugotrajni američko-kineski trgovinski konflikt će izazvati šokove koji će zahvatiti čitavu svetsku ekonomiju. Globalna konkurencija između Vašingtona i Pekinga će se intenzivirati bez obzira na napredak u rešavanju trgovinskih pitanja, budući da američka politika faktički promoviše podelu svetske ekonomije na dva konkurentna bloka. Na kraju, čini se da će zapadne zemlje biti prisiljene da private uspon Kine i da uključe tu zemlju u hegemonijsko jezgro ili da bude spremne za pojavu kontra-hegemonijske sile.

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