Изабери језик:
Тема броја

ЧЛАНЦИ И СТУДИЈЕ

СЈЕДИЊЕНЕ ДРЖАВЕ И РАТ ПРОТИВ ТЕРОРИЗМА: ЦЕНА ПИРОВЕ ПОБЕДЕ

Сажетак

Повлачење америчких трупа из Авганистана током августа 2001. године ставило је тачку на најдужи рат који је САД икада водила, као и на прву фазу глобалног рата против тероризма. У том смислу, јављају се два важна питања, на која ћемо покушати да одговоримо у овом раду. Прво, које су кључне спољне и унутрашње последице са којима се САД суочавају због рата против тероризма? Друго, да ли су САД постигле своје циљеве у том рату. Спољни ефекти које смо идентификовали су криза глобалног лидерства, слабљење односа са савезницима, раст Кине и раст популизма. Међу унутрашњим, издвајају се јачање председничке функције, повећање моћи државе, друштвена поларизација, повећање буџетске потрошње и растући дефицит, као и људске жртве. На самом крају, допринели смо дебати о природи америчке „победе“ у рату против тероризма, аргументујући да финални исход треба да буде сматран „Пировом победом“.

кључне речи:

Референце

    • A National Security Strategy for a Global Age [NSS], December 2000, https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/nss/nss2000.pdf?ver=vuu1vGIkFVV1HusDPL21Aw%3d%3d, Last accessed November 5, 2021.
    • Ackerman, Elliot. 2021.” Winning Ugly – What the War on Terror Cost America.” Foreign Affairs. 100 (5): 66-74.
    • Bergmann, Eirikur. 2020. Neo-Nationalism: The Rise of Nativist Populism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Bradley, Curtis A., Trevor W. Morrison. 2013. “Presidential Power, Historical Practice, and Legal Constraint”. Columbia Law Review 113 (4): 1097-1161.
    • Brands, Hal, John Lewis Geddis. 2021. “The New Cold War: America, China and the Echoes of History”. Foreign Affairs 100 (6): 10-20.
    • Bremmer, Ian. 2015. Superpower: Three Choices for America’s Role in the World. New York: Portfolio.
    • Bush, George W. 2001.” The Deliberate and Deadly Attacks…Were Acts of War.” American Rhetoric. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911cabinetroomaddress.htm.
    • Byman, Daniel. 2021. ”The Good Enough Doctrine Learning to Live With Terrorism.” Foreign Affairs. 100 (5): 32-43.
    • Carlisle, Madeleine, 2021. “How 9/11 Radically Expanded Power of U.S. Government”. Time. September 11. https://time.com/6096903/september-11-legal-history/
    • Coolay, Alexander and Daniel Nexon. 2020. Exit from hegemony: the unraveling of the American global order. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Crawford, Neta C. and Catherine Lutz.” Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars.” Watson Institute of International and Public Affairs. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2021/Costs%20of%20War_Direct%20War%20Deaths_9.1.21.pdf.
    • Crawford, Neta C.” The U.S. Budgetary Costs of the Post-9/11 Wars.” Watson Institute of International and Public Affairs. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2021/Costs%20of%20War_U.S.%20Budgetary%20Costs%20of%20Post-9%2011%20Wars_9.1.21.pdf.
    • Daalder, Ivo A. and James M. Lindsay. 2003. America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
    • De Luce, Brian. 2021. “After 9/11, China grew into superpower as a distracted U.S. fixated in terrorism, expert say”. NBS News October, 17. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/after-9-11-china-grew-superpower-distracted-u-s-fixated-n1278671
    • Demick, Barbara. 2009. “In China, Bush remains popular president”. Los Angeles Times. January, 15. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jan-15-fg-uschina15-story.html
    • DePlato, Justin. 2015. American Presidential Power and the War on Terror: Does the Constitution Matter? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Dudley, Susan E. 2021. “Milestones in the Evolution of the Administrative State”, Daedalus, 150 (3), 33-48.
    • Gaddis, John Lewis. 2005. Surprise, Security, and the American Experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • Garton, Ash Timothy. 2002. ”U.S. and the Hyperpower.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/04/usa.comment.
    • Genovese, Michael A., David Gray Adler. 2017. The War Power in an Age of Terrorism: Debating Presidential Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Gordon, Philip H. 2007. ”’Punish France, Ignore Germany, Forgive Russia’ No Longer Fits.” The Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/punish-france-ignore-germany-forgive-russia-no-longer-fits.
    • Gordon, Philip H. 2007a. ”Can the War on Terror Be Won? How to Fight the Right War.” Foreign Affairs. 86 (6): 53-66.
    • Hall, Johnny. 2021. “In search for enemies: Donald Trump’s populist’s foreign policy rhetoric”. Politics 41 (1): 48-63.
    • Haynes, Jeffrey. 2020. “Right-Wing Populism and Religion in Europe and the USA”. Religions 11 (10): 1-18.
    • Held, David and Kyle McNally. 2015. “9/11 Wars: A Reckoning” Social Europe. March 13. https://socialeurope.eu/911-wars-a-reckoning
    • Held, David and Kyle McNally. 2016. “Path to authoritarianism: the collapse of the politics of accommodation”. Open democracy. September 13. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/path-to-authoritarianism-collapse-of-politics-of-accommod/
    • Held, David. 2016. Global Politics After 9/11: Failed Wars, Political Fragmentation, and the Rise of Authoritarianism. London: Global Policy.
    • Hiland, Alexander. 2020. Presidential Power, Rhetoric and the Terror Wars: The Sovereign Presidency. New York: Lexington Books.
    • Ikenberry, John G. 2020. A World Safe for Democracy: Liberal Internationalism and the Crisis of Global Order. New Haven: Yale University Press.
    • Joint Resolution to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States [J.R.], September 18, 2001, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-107publ40/pdf/PLAW-107publ40.pdf, Last accessed November 5 2021.
    • Kagan, Robert. 2004.” America’s Crisis of Legitimacy.” Foreign Affairs 83 (2): 65-87.
    • Keller, Bill, 2003.” Why Colin Powell Should Go.” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/22/opinion/why-colin-powell-should-go.html.
    • Kennedy, Brandon. 2012. “The Hijacking of Foreign Policy Decision Making: Groupthink and Presidential Power in the Post-9/11 World”. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 21: 633-680.
    • Krauthammer, Charles. 1990.” The Unipolar Moment.” Foreign Affairs 70 (1): 23-33.
    • Lahoud, Nelly. 2021. ”Bin Laden’s Catastrophic Success: Al Qaeda Changed the World—but Not in the Way It Expected.” Foreign Affairs. 100 (5): 10-21.
    • Lawson, Gary. 1994. “The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State”, Harvard Law Review 107 (6): 1233-1237.
    • Layne, Christopher. 2004. „The War on Terrorism and the Balance of Power: The Paradoxes of American Hegemony”, In Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st century. eds. T.V. Paul, James J. Wirtz and Michael Fortmann, 107-121. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • Le­wis, Jef­frey. 2011.” EU Po­licy on the Iraq War and its Af­ter­math: The Bre­ak­down and Re­vi­val of Con­sen­sus-ba­sed De­ci­sion-ma­king.” In: Making E.U. Foreign Policy: National Preferences, European, Norms, and Common Policies, ed. Thomas C. Daniel, 70-91. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Marshall, William P. 2008. “Eleven Reasons Why Presidential Power Inevitably Expands and Why It Matters”, Boston University Law Review 88: 505-522.
    • Mearsheimer, John J. 2021. “The Inevitable Rivalry: America, China, and the Tragedy of Great-Power Politics”. Foreign Affairs 100 (6): 48-58.
    • Miller-Idriss, Cynthia. 2021. “From 9/11 to 1/6: The War on Terror Supercharged the Far Right”. Foreign Affairs 100 (5): 54-64.
    • Nedeljković, Stevan. 2020. „Strategija uravnotežavanja u međunarodnim odnosima, studija slučaja: francusko i nemačko uravnotežavanje Sjedinjenih Američkih Država posle Hladnog rata.“ Doktorska disertacija. Univerzitet u Beogradu: Fakultet političkih nauka.
    • Newport, Frank. 2001. “Bush Job Approval Was at 51% Immediately Before Tuesday’s Attacks.” Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/4882/bush-job-approval-51-immediately-before-tuesdays-attacks.aspx. Last accessed November 5 2021.
    • Nguyen, Thi Thuy Hang. 2017. “George W. Bush and Asia: In the Shadow of the September 11”. Asian Affairs 48 (2): 313-333.
    • Nye, Joseph S. Jr. 2014.” Transformational and transactional presidents.” Leadership. 10 (1): 118-124.
    • Oleszek, Mark J. and Walter J. Oleszek, “Congress and the President: “Yes We Can!” or “Can We?”” in Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations. ed. Thurber, James A., 251-284. New York: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
    • Owens, John E. 2006. “Presidential Power and Congressional Acquiescence in the “War” on Terrorism: A New Constitutional Equilibrium?. Policy & Politics 34 (2): 258-303.
    • Owens, John E. 2009. “Rivals Only Sometimes: Presidentialism, Unilateralism, and Congressional Acquiescence in the U.S. “War on Terror””. in Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations. ed. Thurber, James A., 309-324. New York: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
    • Pestritto, Ronald. 2007. “The Birth of the Administrative State: Where It Came From and What It Means for Limited Government”, The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/political-process/report/the-birth-the-administrative-state-where-it-came-and-what-it-means-limited. Last accessed September 12, 2021.
    • Pew Research Center Report. 1999.” Optimism Reigns, Technology Plays Key Role.” Pew Research Center. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/1999/10/24/optimism-reigns-technology-plays-key-role/.
    • Pffifner, James P. 2009. “Partisan Polarisation, Politics, and the Presidency: Structural Sources of Conflict”. in Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations. ed. Thurber, James A., 37-59. New York: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
    • Qinggo, Jia. 2003. “The impact of 9-11 on Sino-US relations: a preliminary assessment”. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 3: 159-177.
    • Rhodes, Ben. 2021. “Them and U.S.: How America Lets Its Enemies Hijack Its Foreign Policy”. Foreign Affairs 100 (5): 22-31.
    • SIPRI. 2001.” Military expenditure and arms production.” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2001/04.
    • SIPRI. 2021.” World military spending rises to almost $2 trillion in 2020.” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2021/world-military-spending-rises-almost-2-trillion-2020.
    • Snyder, Jack. 2003.” Imperial Temptations.” The National Interest. 71: 29-40.
    • Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2007. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. New York: Random House.
    • The Washington Post/ABC. 2001.” Post-ABC Poll: Terrorist Attacks.” The Washington Post. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/vault/stories/data091401.htm.
    • Thucydides (translated by Martin Hammond) 2009. The Peloponnesian War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Thurber, James A., ed. 2009. Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations. New York: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
    • Watson Institute of International and Public Affairs [WIIPA]. 2021.” Costs of War.” Brown University. Last accessed November 5 2021. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/BudgetaryCosts.
    • Wayne, Stephen J. 2009. “From Washington to Obama: The Evolution of the Legislative Presidency”. in Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations. ed. Thurber, James A., 61-81. New York: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
    • Yahri-Milo, Keren. 2018. ”After Credibility: American Foreign Policy in the Trump Era.” Foreign Affairs. 97 (1): 68-77.
периодика Политика националне безбедности 2/2021 2/2021 УДК: 327.88(73)”20” 75-97