Main topic
CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
IS THERE A RISE OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN EUROPE?
Abstract
During the last few years, there has been a lot of talk about the rise of right-wing populism in European countries. Usually, this is not a value-neutral statement and the supposed rise of right-wing populism is often perceived as a danger or challenge to democracy. Yet, there are at least three objections to this widely accepted statement. First, it remains uncertain what populism really is, and what is it supposed to mean. The second objection is a problematic measure of the alleged “rise” and unclear starting position. The third problem is the normative tone of the statement which suggests that the right-wing conservative position is somehow problematic by itself and thus illegitimate. In this paper, the author will elaborate on these three points, claiming that the so-called rise of right-wing populism is indeed only an attempt of the national-conservative forces to reclaim their original political identity and articulate their positions in the new circumstances.
References
- Agamben, Giorgio. 2005. State of Exception, translated by Kevin Attell. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Applebaum, Anne. 2020. Twilight of Democracy: The Seductive Lure of Authoritarianism. New York: Doubleday.
- Benoist, Alain, de. 2011. The Problem of Democracy. Arkos Media.
- Benoist, Alain, de. 2021. Der populistische Moment. Berlin: Junge Freiheit Verlag.
- Bešić, Miloš. 2017. „Populizam u narativima predsedničkih kandidata na predsedničkim izborima u Srbiji 2017. godine” U Populizam, ur. Zoran Lutovac, 161−178. Beograd: Institut društvenih nauka, Centar za politikološka istraživanja i javno mnjenje.
- Bobio, Norberto. 1990. Budućnost demokratije. Odbrana pravila igre. Beograd: Filip Višnjić.
- Czaja, Mario. 2021. “Die AfD ist unser politischer Feind Junge Freiheit Verlag,, Der Spiegel, https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/mario-czaja-will-cdu-generalsekretaer-werden-die-afd-ist-unser-politischer-feind-a-6e91e063-e9db-427c-80c3-7d6bd68a60d7.
- Decker, Frank. 2000. Parteien unter Druck. Der neue Rechtspopulismus in den westlichen Demokratien. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien.
- Fritze Lothar. 2021. Kulturkampf. Moralischer Universalismus statt Selbstbehauptung. Dresden: Jungeuropa Verlag.
- Furedi, Frank. 2016. “Populism: a defence.”, Spiked, 29. 11. 2016 https://www.spiked-online.com/2016/11/29/populism-a-defence/.
- Gauland, Alexander. 2019a. “Wir wollen den deutschen Nationalstaat erhalten!” Freilich, 2: 10−20.
- Gauland, Alexander. 2019b. “Populismus und Demokratie.” Sezession, 88: 14–20.
- Griffiths, Rudyard (ed.). 2019. The Rise of Populism: The Munk Debates. House of Anansi Press.
- Haidt, Jonathan. 2012. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, Pantheon Books, New York.
- Hartleb, Florian. 2011. “Populismus.” In Politische Theorie und Politische Philosophie. Ein Handbuch, eds. Hartmann Martin, Offe Claus, 53–55. München: C. H. Beck Verlag.
- Holtmann, Everhard, Krappidel, Adrienne, Rehse, Sebastian. 2006. Die Droge Populismus: Zur Kritik des politischen Vorurteils. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
- Kailitz, Steffen. 2004. Politischer Extremismus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Eine Einführung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
- Kielmansegg, Peter Graf. 1991. „Koliko pluralizma podnosi demokratija?” Gledišta, 3–4: 38–42.
- Krastev, Ivan. 2007. “The Strange Death of the Liberal Consensus.” Journal of Democracy, 18 (4): 56–63. doi:10.1353/jod.2007.0072.
- Krastev, Ivan. 2011. “The age of populism: reflections on the self-enmity of democracy.” European View 10 (1): 11–16. doi.org/10.1007/s12290-011-0152-8.
- MacKinnon, Peter. 2022. Canada in Question. Exploring Our Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press.
- Michels, Robert. 1990. Sociologija partija u suvremenoj demokraciji. Istraživanja o oligarhijskim tendencijama u životu skupina. Zagreb: Informator Fakulteta političkih nauka.
- Miler, Jan–Verner. 2017. Šta je populizam? Beograd: Fabrika knjiga, Peščanik,
- Mouffe, Chantal. 2005. On the Political. London, New York: Routledge.
- Mudde, Cas, Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira. 2012. Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat or Corrective for Democracy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Muf, Šantal. 2019. Za levi populizam. Novi Sad: Mediterran Publishing.
- Nikolić, Rade. 2021. Politička razmatranja. Traktat o političkom populizmu. Beograd: Nova poetika.
- Norris, Pippa, Inglehart, Ronald. 2019. Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Pappin, Gladden. 2019. “Toward a Party of the State.” American Affairs, 3 (1): 149–160.
- Rogers Brubaker. 2017. “Why Populism?” Theory and Society, 46 (5): 357–385. doi.org/10.1007/s11186-017-9301-7.
- Sotscheck, Ralf. 2020. „Nicht naiv Testballons jagen.”, taz, https://taz.de/Debatte-Mit-Rechten-reden/!5555657/ 31/5/2020.
- Stevanović, Branislav. 2013. „O lažnim i stvarnim granicama tolerancije.”, Srpska politička misao, 39 (1): 77−103. doi.org/10.22182/spm.3912013.4.
- Šmit, Karl. 2001a. „Duhovno-povesni položaj današnjeg parlamentarizma.” U Norma i odluka. Karl Šmit i njegovi kritičari, ur. Slobodan Samardžić, 145−202. Beograd: Filip Višnjić.
- Šmit, Karl. 2001b. „Pojam političkoga.” U Norma i odluka. Karl Šmit i njegovi kritičari, ur. Slobodan Samardžić, 15−52. Beograd: Filip Višnjić.
- Taguieff, Pierre-Andre. 1995. “Political Science Confronts Populism: From a Conceptual Mirage to a Real Problem.” Telos, 1 (103): 9–43.
- Trailović, Dragan. 2012. „Populizam kao faktor slabljenja demokratskih kapaciteta političkih institucija Srbij.” Politička revija, 32 (2): 65–82. doi.org/10.22182/pr.3222012.4.
- Vinkler, Hajnrih August. 2019. Da li se Zapad raspada? O savremenoj krizi u Evropi i Americi. Beograd: Albatros plus.