KOSOVO POLICIES OF SERBIAN PARTIES, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, AND SERBIA’S BEST RESPONSE

Dr. Nikola Mladenović

Abstract

The article deals with Kosovo policy of the Serbian parties during the early 2000s. A majority of the mainstream parties supported the idea of fixed borders in the Balkans. They also supported the policy “standards before status”, according to which the final status of Kosovo should have been addressed only after the UN standards for the territory had been reached. However, the above mentioned policy suited proponents of the territory’s independence in the international community, and in Kosovo.  Therefore, the article critically examines whether readily accepting this policy was favorable to Serbia. It is suggested that earlier opening of the status question would have potentially strengthened Serbia’s negotiating power and would have been a better response, without diminishing the objective difficulty of the problem.

References

• Ђурић, Живојин. 2017. „Политички и национални аспекти државног питања Србије у дијалогу о Косову и Метохији.“ Национални интерес 30(3): 13–25.
• Кнежевић, Милош. 2017. „Размишљати о Косову и Метохији – Смисао унутрашњег и спољашњег дијалога о косовском проблему.“ Национални интерес 30(3): 27–61.
• Степић, Миломир. 2020. „’Неадекватне границе’: Генератор нестабилности постјугословенског Балкана.“ Српска политичка мисао 67(1): 13–36.
• Суботић, Мочило. 2020. „Ка ’неславној’ завршници ’косметског’ питања.“ Политичка ревија 65(3): 127–154.
• Biden, Joe. 2003. “Biden’s Remarks on Self-Determination for Kosova.” Vote Smart, 15 May. Accessed 1 November 2020. https://justfacts.votesmart.org/public-statement/7690/bidens-remarks-on-self-determination-for-kosova/.
• Bieber, Florian. 2003. “Introduction.” in Understanding the War in Kosovo, eds. Florian Bieber and Židas Daskalovski, 1–8. London: Frank Cass Publishers.
• Börzel, Tanja. 2011. “When Europeanization Hits Limited Statehood: The Western Balkans as a Test Case for the Transformative Power of Europe.” KFG The Transformative Power of Europe Working Paper 30. Berlin: Freie Universität.
• Börzel, Tanja, and Thomas Risse. 2003. “Conceptualizing the Domestic Impact of Europe.” in The Politics of Europeanization, eds. Kevin Featherstone and Claudio Radaelli, 57–80. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Commission of the European Communities. 2005. Communication from the Commision on the preparedness of Serbia and Montenegro to negotiate a Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the European Union, COM(2005) 476 final. Brussels.
• Commission of the European Communities. 2006. Commission staff working document: Serbia 2006 Progress Report, SEC(2006) 1389. Brussels.
• Commission of the European Communities. 2009. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2009-2010, COM(2009) 533, Brussels.
• Contact Group. 2006. “Kosovo Contact Group Statement.” Accessed 1 November 2020.  http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/declarations/88236.pdf.
• Council of the EU, the. 2003a. “2518th Council meeting: General Affairs and External Relations”, 10369/03. Luxemburg.
• Council of the EU, the. 2003b. “2501st Council meeting: External relations”, 8220/03 (Presse 105), Luxemburg.
• Council of the EU, the. 2003c. “Press Release: 3254th Council meeting”, 12584/13. Brussels.
• Culafic, Zoran. 2003. “Djindjic Launches Battle for Kosovo.” Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Accessed 1 November 2020. https://iwpr.net/global-voices/djindjic-launches-battle-kosovo.
• Čolić, L. 2004. „Koštunica pridobio Evropljane.“ Glas Javnosti, 25. mart. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/03/25/srpski/KO04032405.shtml.
• Deklaracija o Kosovu i Metohiji. 2003. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. https://www.srbija.gov.rs/kosovo-metohija/68657.
• Đinđić, Zoran. 2001. „Ekspoze Zorana Đinđića, mandatara za sastav Vlade Srbije.“ 25. januar. Beograd. Poslednji pristup 2. septembar 2014. http://www.ds.org.rs/medija-centar/govori/10813-Ekspoze-Zorana-Djindjica-mandatara-za-sastav-Vlade-Srbije?pismo=lat.
• Elbasani, Arolda. 2009. “EU Administrative Conditionality and Domestic Downloading: The Limits of Europeanization in Challenging Contexts.” KFG The Transformative Power of Europe Working Paper 2. Berlin: Freie Universität.
• European Commission, the. 2004. “Commissioner Patten announces launch of Feasibility Report on Serbia and Montenegro”, IP/04/1202. Brussels.
• European Parliament. 2005. “European Parliament resolution on the state of regional integration in the western Balkans: Regional integration in the western Balkans,” P6_TA(2005)0131. Official Journal of the European Union OJ C 33E(9.2.2006.): 565–73.
• European Parliament. 2010. Kosovo: European Parliament resolution of 8 July 2010 on the European integration process of Kosovo, P7_TA(2010)0281. Strasbourg.
• Glas Javnosti. 2001a. „Dokle verbalne osude?.“ 19. april. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2001/04/20/srpski/P01041910.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2001b. „Katastrofa za Srbiju.“ 20. maj. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2001/05/21/srpski/P01052008.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2001c. „Vlada Srbije oštro protiv Unmikove odluke.“ 3. maj. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2001/05/04/srpski/P01050308.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2002. „Nezavisnost Kosova ne bi donela ništa dobro.“ 5. februar. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2002/02/05/srpski/P02020411.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2003a. „Moratorijum na status.“ 6. april. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/04/06/srpski/P03040503.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2003b. „Nema dogovora bez EU i SAD.“ 27. maj. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/05/27/srpski/P03052607.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2003c. „Nema više istorijskih sastanaka.“ 30. jun. Pristupljeno 1. novembar http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/06/30/srpski/P03062904.shtml..
• Glas Javnosti. 2003č. „Razgovori Beograda i Prištine počinju u julu.“ 22. jun. Pristupljeno 1. novembar http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/06/22/srpski/P03062103.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2003ć. „SRS protiv slanja vojnika u misije.“ 10. avgust. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/08/10/srpski/P03080907.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2003d. „Svet podržava moratorijum.“ 19. april. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/04/19/srpski/P03041807.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2004a. „Karadžić je u Bosni.“ 27. februar. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/02/27/srpski/P04022604.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2004b. „Koštunica traži kantonizaciju.“ 23. mart. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/03/23/srpski/KO04032201.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2004c. „Mladić mora izaći pred Haški tribunal.“ 5. jul. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/07/05/srpski/P04070401.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2004č. „Potrebna veća zaštita Srba.“ 13. mart. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/03/13/srpski/P04031203.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2004ć. „Prioritet su integracije.“ 22. jul. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/07/22/srpski/P04072109.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2005a. „Rešenje za Kosovo je u kompromisu.“ 2. mart. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2005/03/02/srpski/P05030112.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2005b. „Srbija ne odustaje od dva entiteta.“ 20. decembar. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2005/12/20/srpski/P05121905.shtml.
• Glas Javnosti. 2005c. „U bitku za Kosovo bez plana, tima i jedinstva.“ 22. novembar. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2005/11/22/srpski/P05112101.shtml.
• Hall, Peter, and Rosemary Taylor. 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms.” Political Studies 44 (5): 936–57.
• Independent International Commission on Kosovo, the. 2000. The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International response, Lessons Learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• International Crisis Group, the. 2002. “Kosovo Roadmap (II): Internal Benchmarks.” ICG Balkans Report No 125. Pristina/Brussels.
• Judah, Tim. 2008. Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Ker-Lindsey, James. 2009. “From Autonomy to Independence: The Evolution of International Thinking on Kosovo, 1998–2005.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 11(2): 141–56.
• Ker-Lindsay, James. 2009. Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balcans. London: I.B. Tauris.
• Koštunica, Vojislav. 2000a. „Govor Vojislava Koštunice na mitingu.“ Poslednji pristup 2. septembar 2014. http://dss.rs/dokumenti/dokumenti/.
• Koštunica, Vojislav. 2000b. „Dajem reč: Obraćanje Vojislava Koštunice na Konvenciji DOS-a.“ Poslednji pristup 2. septembar 2014. http://dss.rs/dokumenti/dokumenti/.
• Koštunica, Vojislav. 2004a. „Ekspoze Vojislava Koštunice mandatara za sastav Vlade Srbije.“ Pristupljeno 2. septembar 2015. http://dss.rs/dokumenti/dokumenti/.
• Koštunica, Vojislav. 2004b. Deseta sednica Prvog redovnog zasedanja. Otvoreni perlament. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. https://otvoreniparlament.rs/transkript/6099?page=1.
• Krstić, Branislav. 2007. „Državno veće najavljeno i – zaboravljeno.“ Danas, 19. jul. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://www.danas.rs/danasrs/feljton/drzavno_vece_najavljeno_i__zaboravljeno.24.html?news_id=98697.
• March, James, and Johan Olsen. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions. The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press.
• March, James, and Johan Olsen. 1998. “The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders.” International Organization 52 (4): 943–69.
• Nikolić, R. 2004. „Demokrate se mobilišu.“ Glas Javnosti, 22. mart. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/03/22/srpski/P04032102.shtml.
• Pašić, P. 2004. „Srbima dati autonomiju.“ Glas Javnosti, 27. mart. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/03/27/srpski/P04032605.shtml.
• Perritt, Jr, Henry. 2009. The Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Rehn, Olli. 2005. “Progress in the Western Balkans.” Accessed 1 November 2020. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-05-220_en.htm.
• Reka, Blerim. 2003. UNMIK as an international governance in post–war Kosova: NATO’s Intervention, UN Administration and Kosovar Aspirations. Skopje: Logos A.
• Schimmelfennig, Frank, and Ulrich Sedelmeier. 2004. “Governance by Conditionality: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 11(4): 669–87.
• Security Council. 2002. “Press release: Security Council, following briefing by Special Representative for Kosovo, welcomes progress, reaffirms importance of rule of law”, SC/7375. 24 April.
• Security Council. 2005. “Letter dated 7 October 2005 from the Secretary-General addressed
• to the President of the Security Council”, S/2005/635. 7 October.
• Staletović, Lj. 2003. „Beograd se protivi prenosu ovlašćenja.“ Glas Javnosti, 5. april. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/04/05/srpski/P03040401.shtml.
• Stefanović, Nenad Lj. 2003. „Komandant Zmija – putuje.“ Vreme, 3. jul. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. http://www.vreme.co.rs/cms/view.php?id=344735.
• Subotic, Jelena. 2010. “Explaining Difficult States: The Problems of Europeanization in Serbia.” East European Politics and Societies 24(4): 595–616.
• Tadić, Boris i Demokratska stranka. n.d.. „Budućnost odmah! Program za bolji život i evropsku Srbiju.“
• UNSC. 1999a. Rambouillet Accords: Interim Agreement for Peace and Self-Government in Kosovo, S/1999/648.
• UNSC. 1999b. Resolution 1244 (1999), S/RES/1244.
• Vickers, Miranda. 1998. Between Serb and Albanian: A History of Kosovo. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Živković, Zoran. 2003. Prva sednica Prvog redovnog zasedanja. Otvoreni perlament. Pristupljeno 1. novembar 2020. https://otvoreniparlament.rs/transkript/6008?page=1.